Extracts From the Poetical Diction (Skaldskaparmal)

Ęger's Feast

 
 

How shall gold be named? It may be called Ęger's fire; the needles of Glaser; Sif's hair; Fulla's head-gear; Freyja's tears; the chatter, talk or word of the giants; Draupner's drop; Draupner's rain or shower; Freyja's eyes; the otter-ransom, or stroke-ransom, of the asas; the seed of Fyrisvold; Holge's how-roof; the fire of all waters and of the hand; or the stone, rock or gleam of the hand.


Why is gold called Ęger's fire? The saga relating to this is, as has before been told, that Ęger made a visit to Asgard, but when he was ready to return home he invited Odin and all the asas to come and pay him a visit afte
r the lapse of three months. On this journey went Odin, Njord, Frey, Tyr, Brage, Vidar, Loke; and also the asynjes, Frigg, Freyja, Gefjun, Skade, Idun, Sif. Thor was not there, for he had gone eastward to fight trolls. When the gods had taken their seats, Ęger let his servants bring in on the hall floor bright gold, which shone and lighted up the whole hall like fire, just as the swords in Valhal are used instead of fire. Then Loke bandied hasty words with all the gods, and slew Ęger's thrall who was called Fimafeng. The name of his other thrall is Elder. The name of Ęger's wife is Ran, and they have nine daughters, as has before been written. At this feast all things passed around spontaneously, both food and ale and all the utensils needed for the feasting. Then the asas became aware that Ran had a net in which she caught all men who perish at sea. Then the saga goes on telling how it happens that gold is called the fire, or light or brightness of Ęger, of Ran, or of Ęger's daughters; and from these periphrases it is allowed to call gold the fire of the sea; and thus gold is now called the fire of waters, of rivers, or of all the periphrases of rivers. But these names have fared like other periphrases. The younger skald has composed poetry after the pattern of the old skalds, imitating their songs; but afterward they thought they could improve upon what was sung before; and thus the water is the sea, the rivers is the lakes, the brook is the river. Hence all the figures that are expanded more than what has before been found are called new tropes, and all seem good that contain likelihood and are natural. Thus sang the skald Brage:

                From the king I received
                The fire of the brook.
                This the king gave to me
                And a head with song.

Why is gold called the needles or leaves of Glaser? In Asgard, before the doors of Valhal, stands a grove which is called Glaser, and all its leaves are of red gold, as is here sung:

                Glaser stands
                With golden leaves
                Before Sigtyr's halls.

This is the fairest forest among gods and men.

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